Formal methods is a research area in computer science that focuses on the use of mathematical techniques for the specification, validation, and verification of software and hardware systems. These methods allow for a rigorous approach to designing and analyzing complex systems, ensuring that they behave correctly and reliably. Formal methods typically involve the use of formal languages, logic, and automated tools to model, reason about, and confirm the correctness of systems. This area of research is crucial for ensuring the safety and security of critical systems in various domains such as aviation, healthcare, and finance.